A Brief Guide to Crowdfunding For Normal People

Posted on 17 June, 2023 by Vital dapp

Crowdfunding is all the rage, with new platforms popping up ever more frequently. Many consider it to be the future of investing, others warn that its risks are often underestimated. And then there are the different types of online crowdfunding: reward-based, equity-based, debt-based, flexible, fixed and so on. It can all seem bewildering, but like most things the underlying logic is simple.

The most important benefit to crowdfunding is that it makes investment in small companies and startups accessible to everybody. For this reason, it is more important than ever for people to fully understand this new world, as most of the negative publicity around crowdfunding is largely focused on misuse and misunderstanding of the platforms. In this article I will cover the different types of crowdfunding platform, along with the main incumbents in each category, and explain some of the primary pitfalls that ensnare many newcomers.

But first, a definition.

What is the crowd?

Ordinary, everyday people. And that's what the "crowd" in crowdfunding refers to. You see, raising money is not really about business plans or market traction or financial forecasts: it's ultimately about trust. And in life, the higher the risk of being hurt, the more important trust becomes. For this reason, most people don't mind putting a few pounds towards sponsoring a charity run or lending a friend a few pounds; there's a general acceptance that you shouldn't expect to see that money again, and as such the level of trust in the person to whom you are giving the money doesn't need to be particularly high. But if somebody asks you to invest several thousand pounds, the situation is radically different. For most people, this is not an amount of money that they can afford to lose. Therefore, most people have been locked out of the investment world where small businesses need thousands of pounds to be invested.

It's therefore logical that the traditional routes for founders financing a business have been channels like loans from banks, high net worth individuals and friends and family. A founder's ability to raise money has depended largely on their collateral in the case of a bank loan, or their personal network in the case of investments from individuals, and consisted of big chunks of money from a small handful of people who trust them and/or have thoroughly vetted them. The alternative - raising small chunks of money from a large number of people - has been largely impossible unless the founder happens to know hundreds of people and is both willing and able to deal with the enormous administrative overhead of dealing with so many people.

Enter the internet, with its well-established history of both removing administrative headaches and connecting large groups of people together. Crowdfunding essentially facilitates the matchmaking between ordinary people who are interested in investing in things and ordinary founders who don't happen to have access to collateral or large networks of wealthy individuals. The software running the crowdfunding platform handles all of the administration, while the internet itself provides a vast potential pool of people for the founder to market to, at scale.

In short, best crowdfunding makes it possible to raise small amounts of money from a large amount of total strangers. For that reason, it's great.